[Shortcut] Determine no. of paired/ unpaired e– in a species e.g. Te+

 

 

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  • Determine total e– count of the species.
  • If electron count is less than 18, it is faster to just write out the electronic configuration.
  • If electron count is more than 18, subtract e– count by 18, 36 or 54; the largest number that will give you a positive result.
  • If the remainder is less than or equal to 10, fill them up in d orbitals. Ignore the quantum shell.
  • If the remainder is more than 10, subtract 10 from the remainder and fill up the leftover e– in s and p orbitals. Ignore the quantum shell.

Example:

Determine the number of unpaired electrons in (a) Mn2+ (b) Cu+ (c) Se– (d) Te+.

 

(a) Mn2+: 23e–

e– remaining = 23 – 18 = 5

Mn2+: […] nd5 → 5 unpaired  e–

 

(b) Mo2+ : 40e–

e– remaining = 40 – 36 = 4

Mn2+: […] nd4 → 4 unpaired e–

 

(c) Se–: 35e–

e– remaining = 35 – 18 = 17 (> 10!)

e– remaining = 17 – 10 = 7

Se–: […] ns2np5 → 1 unpaired e–

 

(d) Te+: 51e–

Remaining electrons = 51 - 46 = 5 ns2np3: 3 unpaired electrons

e– remaining = 51 – 36 = 15 (> 10!)

e– remaining = 15 – 10 = 5

Te+: […] ns2np3 → 3 unpaired e–