+ Objectives
(a) identify and describe protons, neutrons and electrons in terms of their relative charges and relative masses
(b) deduce the behaviour of beams of protons, neutrons and electrons in both electric and magnetic fields
(c) describe the distribution of mass and charges within an atom
(d) deduce the numbers of protons, neutrons and electrons present in both atoms and ions given proton and nucleon numbers (and charge)
(e) (i) describe the contribution of protons and neutrons to atomic nuclei in terms of proton number and nucleon number
(ii) distinguish between isotopes on the basis of different numbers of neutrons present
(f) describe the number and relative energies of the s, p and d orbitals for the principal quantum numbers 1, 2 and 3 and also the 4s and 4p orbitals
(g) describe the shapes of s and p orbitals
(h) state the electronic configuration of atoms and ions given the proton number (and charge)
(i) (i) explain the factors influencing the ionisation energies of elements (see the Data Booklet)
(ii) explain the trends in ionisation energies across a period and down a Group of thePeriodic Table (see also Section 9)
(j) deduce the electronic configurations of elements from successive ionisation energy data
(k) interpret successive ionisation energy data of an element in terms of the position of thatelement within the Periodic Table
(b) deduce the behaviour of beams of protons, neutrons and electrons in both electric and magnetic fields
(c) describe the distribution of mass and charges within an atom
(d) deduce the numbers of protons, neutrons and electrons present in both atoms and ions given proton and nucleon numbers (and charge)
(e) (i) describe the contribution of protons and neutrons to atomic nuclei in terms of proton number and nucleon number
(ii) distinguish between isotopes on the basis of different numbers of neutrons present
(f) describe the number and relative energies of the s, p and d orbitals for the principal quantum numbers 1, 2 and 3 and also the 4s and 4p orbitals
(g) describe the shapes of s and p orbitals
(h) state the electronic configuration of atoms and ions given the proton number (and charge)
(i) (i) explain the factors influencing the ionisation energies of elements (see the Data Booklet)
(ii) explain the trends in ionisation energies across a period and down a Group of thePeriodic Table (see also Section 9)
(j) deduce the electronic configurations of elements from successive ionisation energy data
(k) interpret successive ionisation energy data of an element in terms of the position of thatelement within the Periodic Table
